In 1950 he was named patron saint of moralists and confessors by Pope Pius XII. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. Twelve years, however, still separated him from his reward, years for the most part not of peace but of greater afflictions than any which had yet befallen him. Pardon me, my God. Federal Tax Identification Number: 81-0596847. Died: August 1, 1787. Liguori wrote 111 works on spirituality and theology. If we except a few poems published in 1733 (the Saint was born in 1696), his first work, a tiny volume called "Visits to the Blessed Sacrament", only appeared in 1744 or 1745, when he was nearly fifty years old. But we must not push resemblances too far. Alphonsus returned to his little cell at Nocera in July, 1775, to prepare, as he thought, for a speedy and happy death. Falcoia, hearing of this, begged his friend to give a retreat to the nuns of his Conservatorium at the same time. He who ruled and directed others so wisely, had, where his own soul was concerned, to depend on obedience like a little child. But when the question was put to the community, opposition began. One of the most widely read Catholic authors, he is the patron saint of confessors. (1913). [4] He was ordained on 21 December 1726, at the age of 30. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the tradition of praying the stations of the cross began to develop. He became very popular because of his plain and simple preaching. He was a man of strong passions, using the term in the philosophic sense, and tremendous energy, but from childhood his passions were under control. In the year 1747, King Charles of Naples wished to make Alphonsus Archbishop of Palermo, and it was only by the most earnest entreaties that he was able to escape. In the last years of his life, he suffered a painful sickness and bitter persecution from his fellow priests, who dismissed him from the Congregation that he had founded. He died peacefully on August 1,1787, at Nocera di Pagani, near Naples as the Angelus was ringing. He knew how to reach ordinary people who had limited education and very real needs. The rudder is humility, which, in the intellect, is a realization of our own unworthiness, and in the will, docility to right guidance. Among his best known works are The Glories of Mary and The Way of the Cross, the latter still used in parishes during Lenten devotions. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. The question as to what does or does not constitute a lie is not an easy one, but it is a subject in itself. In September of the next year he received the tonsure and soon after joined the association of missionary secular priests called the "Neapolitan Propaganda", membership of which did not entail residence in common. Alphonsus Liguori. When he heard from her of the devotion of the Rosary, which she practiced, and the letter she had received, he ordered all the others to repeatit, and it is related that this monastery became a paradise. Daily Readings for Friday, March 03, 2023, St. Katharine Drexel: Saint of the Day for Friday, March 03, 2023, Lenten Prayer: Prayer of the Day for Monday, February 27, 2023. From the year 1759 two former benefactors of the Congregation, Baron Sarnelli and Francis Maffei, by one of those changes not uncommon in Naples, had become its bitter enemies, and waged a vendetta against it in the law courts which lasted for twenty-four years. From 1726 to 1752, first as a member of the Neapolitan "Propaganda", and then as a leader of his own Fathers, he traversed the provinces of Naples for the greater part of each year giving missions even in the smallest villages and saving many souls. Ultimately, however, anything merely human in this had disappeared. Cardinals Spinelli, Sersale, and Orsini; Popes Benedict XIV, Clement XIII, Clement XIV, and Pius VI, to each of whom Alphonsus dedicated a volume of his works. At the worst, it was only the scaffolding by which the temple of perfection was raised. The Saint only wept in silence and tried in vain to devise some means by which his Order might be saved. Two days after he was born, he was baptized at the Church of Our Lady the Virgin as Alphonsus Mary Anthony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori. They followed this gifted preacher from church to church and town to town to hear him give a message of hope in Christ for all people. It's a little awkward to ask, but we need your help. In April 1729, the Apostle of China, Matthew Ripa, founded a missionary college in Naples, which became known colloquially as the "Chinese College". He was not allowed to resign his see, however, until 1775. It is a matter for friendly controversy, but it seems there was a real difference, though not as great in practice as is supposed, between the Saint's later teaching and that current in the Society. The early years, following the founding of the new order, were not promising. Of extraordinary passive states, such as rapture, there are not many instances recorded in his life, though there are some. "Alphonsus was of middle height", says his first biographer, Tannoia; "his head was rather large, his hair black, and beard well-grown." Alphonsus was not sent to school but was educated by tutors under his father's eye. A star preacher, he called his fellow sermonizers on the carpet for sermons of "empty, rumbling rhetoric" or "flashy . SVO), gives an extremely full and picturesque account of the Saint's life and times. He was crushed to the earth. But as he drew up a rule for them, formed from that of the Visitation nuns, he does not seem to have had any clear idea of establishing the new institute of his vision. He was thinking of leaving the profession and wrote to someone, "My friend, our profession is too full of difficulties and dangers; we lead an unhappy life and run risk of dying an unhappy death". Hi readers, it seems you use Catholic Online a lot; that's great! . [4] Myopia and chronic asthma precluded a military career so his father had him educated in the legal profession. Your Catholic Voice Foundation has been granted a recognition of tax exemption under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. In 1871 he was named a doctor of the church by Pope Pius IX. Corrections? It was this which gave St. Alphonsus the bent head which we notice in the portraits of him. For three days he refused all food. Saint Alphonsus Liguori's Story Moral theology, Vatican II said, should be more thoroughly nourished by Scripture, and show the nobility of the Christian vocation of the faithful and their obligation to bring forth fruit in charity for the life of the world. He was a lawyer by the time he was 16 years old! The "Moral Theology", after a historical introduction by the Saint's friend, P. Zaccaria, S.J., which was omitted, however, from the eighth and ninth editions, begins with a treatise "De Conscientia", followed by one "De Legibus". Lord, When Did We See You Hungry or Thirsty or a Stranger or Naked or Ill or in Prison? In 1734, however, it was reconquered by Don Carlos, the young Duke of Parma, great-grandson of Louis XIV, and the independent Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was established. According to this view he chose a different formula from the Jesuit writers, partly because he thought his own terms more exact, and, partly to save his teaching and his congregation as far as possible from the State persecution which after 1764 had already fallen so heavily on the Society of Jesus, and in 1773 was formally to suppress it. St. Alphonsus encouraged an intimate, personal relationship with Jesus Christ through frequent visits to the Blessed Sacrament. His best-known musical work is his Christmas hymn Quanno Nascetti Ninno, later translated into Italian by Pope Pius IX as Tu scendi dalle stelle ("From Starry Skies Thou Comest"). Entdecke ST. ROSE VON LIMA, SCHWESTER MARY ALPHONSUS katholisches heiliges Buch in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Although there are many modern . Imprimatur. He came from a wealthy family in Naples, Italy, and had every advantage in life from the moment he was born in 1696. Dissensions arose, the Saint's former friend and chief companion, Vincent Mannarini, opposing him and Falcoia in everything. He was declared "Venerable", 4 May, 1796; was beatified in 1816, and canonized in 1839. Here with 30,000 uninstructed people, 400 mostly indifferent and sometimes scandalous secular clergy, and seventeen more or less relaxed religious houses to look after, in a field so overgrown with weeds that they seemed the only crop, he wept and prayed and spent days and nights in unremitting labour for thirteen years. He was born Alphonsus Marie Antony John Cosmos Damien Michael Gaspard de Liguori on September 27,1696, at Marianella, near Naples, Italy. In vain those around him and even the judge on the bench tried to console him. But one may easily overcrowd a narrow canvas and it is better in so slight a sketch to leave the central figure in solitary relief. In the eight years of his career as advocate, years crowded with work, he is said never to have lost a case. The "Glories of Mary", "The Selva", "The True Spouse of Christ", "The Great Means of Prayer", "The Way of Salvation", "Opera Dogmatica, or History of the Council of Trent", and "Sermons for all the Sundays in the Year", are the best known. . by S. HORNER (Edinburgh, 1858); VON REUMONT, Die Carafa von Maddaloni (Berlin, 1851, 2 vols. The Fathers in the Papal States, with too precipitate zeal, in the very beginning denounced the change of Rule to Rome. There are two Sunday services, one at 8:15 and the second at 11. St Alphonsus Mary Liguori and Prayer. The eighteenth century was not an age remarkable for depth of spiritual life, yet it produced three of the greatest missionaries of the Church, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, St. Paul of the Cross, and St. Alphonsus Liguori. Liguoris extensive works fall into three genres: moral theology, best represented by his celebrated Theologia moralis (1748); ascetical and devotional writings, including Visits to the Blessed Sacrament, The True Spouse of Jesus Christ (for nuns), Selva (for priests), and The Glories of Mary, the latter of which became one of the most widely used manuals of devotion to the Virgin Mary; and dogmatic writings on such subjects as papal infallibility and the power of prayer. Alphonsus Liguori, CSsR (27 September 1696 1 August 1787), sometimes called Alphonsus Maria de Liguori or Saint Alphonsus Liguori, was an Italian Catholic bishop, spiritual writer, composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher, and theologian. But in spite of his infirmities both Clement XIII (1758-69) and Clement XIV (1769-74) obliged Alphonsus to remain at his post. The Saint's mother was of Spanish descent, and if, as there can be little doubt, race is an element in individual character, we may see in Alphonsus's Spanish blood some explanation of the enormous tenacity of purpose which distinguished him from his earliest years. Let's start with the saint. These form the first book of the work, while the second contains the treatises on Faith, Hope, and Charity. Canonized: May 26, 1839. In the end the Rule was so altered as to be hardly recognizable, the very vows of religion being abolished. He lived his first years as a priest with the homeless and the marginalized youth of Naples. The boy was bright and quick beyond his years, and made great progress in all kinds of learning. Clarence F. Galli. Educated at the University of Naples, Alphonsus received his doctorate at the age of sixteen. The result of the retreat to the nuns was that the young priest, who before had been prejudiced by reports in Naples against the proposed new Rule, became its firm supporter, and even obtained permission from the Bishop of Scala for the change. Alphonsus, however, stood firm; soon other companions arrived, and though Scala itself was given up by the Fathers in 1738, by 1746 the new Congregation had four houses at Nocera de' Pagani, Ciorani, Iliceto (now Deliceto), and Caposele, all in the Kingdom of Naples. The German life, DILGSKRON, Leben des heiligen Bischofs und Kirchenlehrers, Alfonsus Maria de Liguori (New York, 1887), is scholarly and accurate. It is not necessary to notice certain non-Catholic attacks on Alphonsus as a patron of lying. He was more concerned with the spiritual conflict which was going on at the same time. ), was published by P. KUNTZ, C.SS.R., director of the Roman archives of his Congregation. Today I would like to present to you the figure of a holy Doctor of the Church to whom we are deeply indebted because he was an outstanding moral theologian and a teacher of spiritual . Besides his Moral Theology, the Saint wrote a large number of dogmatic and ascetical works nearly all in the vernacular. Alphonsus Mary Antony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori was born in his father's country house at Marianella near Naples, on Tuesday, 27 September, 1696. The Government throughout had recognized the good effect of his missions, but it wished the missionaries to be secular priests and not a religious order. Very few remarks upon his own times occur in the Saint's letters. In 1762, there was no escape and he was constrained by formal obedience to the Pope to accept the Bishopric of St. Agatha of the Goths, a very small Neapolitan diocese lying a few miles off the road from Naples to Capua. To this altered Rule or "Regolamento", as it came to be called, the unsuspecting Saint was induced to put his signature. Still it must in fairness be admitted that all priests are not great theologians able to estimate intrinsic probability at its true worth, and the Church herself might be held to have conceded something to pure probabilism by the unprecedented honours she paid to the Saint in her Decree of 22 July, 1831, which allows confessors to follow any of St. Alphonsus's own opinions without weighing the reasons on which they were based. "I know his obstinacy", his father said of him as a young man; "when he once makes up his mind he is inflexible". He was the eldest of seven children and the hope of his house. [11], Liguori was consecrated Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti in 1762. Whenthey had withdrawn into another room, the appearance of the youth changed, and Heshowed Himself crowned with thorns, His flesh torn, and said to her: Prayers in Times of Sickness Disease & Danger, True Devotion to Mary (St. Louis de Montfort), The Glories of Mary (St. Alphonsus Liguori), A young nobleman was reading one day, while at sea, an obscene book, in which he. Liguori Publications is a nonprofit Catholic publishing company that came into existence through a saint, some students, and a once-famous St. Louis resort. Soon after, Falcoia made known to the latter his vocation to leave Naples and establish an order of missionaries at Scala, who should work above all for the neglected goatherds of the mountains. When the Saint began to hear confessions, however, he soon saw the harm done by rigorism, and for the rest of his life he inclined more to the mild school of the Jesuit theologians, whom he calls "the masters of morals". It is the following of Jesus as a community of disciples, aware that we are sent to be a clear . Tannoia was born about 1724 and entered the Redemptorist Congregation in 1746. He was somewhat worldly and ambitious, at any rate for his son, and was rough tempered when opposed. He spent the next few years in recasting this work, and in 1753 appeared the first volume of the "Theologia Moralis", the second volume, dedicated to Benedict XIV, following in 1755. Don Joseph de' Liguori had his faults. He was not afraid of making up his mind. A piece of evidence was handed to him which he had read and re-read many times, but always in a sense the exact contrary of that which he now saw it to have. Tradues em contexto de "Mary of Liguori" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : The Holy Church honors the priest and the priest must honor the Church with the holiness of his life - proposed St. Alphonsus Mary of Liguori on the day of his Ordination - with zeal, with work and with decorum. March 1, 1907. The Glories of Mary ( Italian: Le glorie di Maria) is a classic book in the field of Roman Catholic Mariology, written during the 18th century by Saint Alphonsus Liguori, a Doctor of the Church . Even when taking him into society in order to arrange a good marriage for him, he wished Alphonsus to put God first, and every year father and son would make a retreat together in some religious house. ); JOHNSTON, The Napoleonic Empire in South Italy, 2 vols. The differentia of saints is not faultlessness but driving-power, a driving-power exerted in generous self-sacrifice and ardent love of God. where the Hosts were buried. Naples had been part of the dominions of Spain since 1503, but in 1708 when Alphonsus was twelve years old, it was conquered by Austria during the war of the Spanish Succession. He founded the congregation with the charism of preaching popular missions in the city and the countryside. The other was not to be long delayed. That legacy is the participation in the redemptive mission of Jesus. Your gift is tax-deductible as allowed by law. She was declared Venerable 11 August, 1901. The Superior of the Propaganda and even Falcoia's friend, Matthew Ripa, opposed the project with all their might. Moral Theology (also known as the Theologia Moralis) is a nine-volume work concerning Catholic moral theology written between 1748 and 1785 by Alphonsus Liguori, a Catholic theologian and Doctor of the Church.This work is not to be confused with Theologia moralis universa ad mentem S. Alphonsi, a 19th-century treatise by Pietro Scavini written in the philosophical tradition of Alphonsus Liguori. Except for the chances of European war, England and Naples were then in different worlds, but Alphonsus may have seen at the side of Don Carlos when he conquered Naples in 1734, an English boy of fourteen who had already shown great gallantry under fire and was to play a romantic part in history, Prince Charles Edward Stuart. Alphonsus the Patron. Thus was he left free for his real work, the founding of a new religious congregation. Learn interesting facts and tidbits about the beloved St. Patrick. A fearful commotion arose. Addeddate This was in 1780, when Alphonsus was eighty-three years old. To prevent the ship going to pieces on the rocks, it has need of a very responsive rudder, answering to the slightest pressure of Divine guidance. To follow an opinion in favour of liberty without weighing it, merely because it is held by someone else, would have seemed to Alphonsus an abdication of the judicial office with which as a confessor he was invested. This has recently been translated into English with additions and corrections (Dublin, 2 vols., royal SVO); DUMORTIER, Les premihres Redemptoristines (Lille, 1886), and Le Phre Antoine-Marie Tannoia (Paris, 1902), contain some useful information; as does BERRUTI, Lo Spirito di S. Alfonso Maria de Liguori, 3 ed. Cavalieri, himself a great servant of God. In fact, despite his youth, he seems at the age of twenty-seven to have been one of the leaders of the Neapolitan Bar. On 3 October, 1731, the eve of the feast of St. Francis, she saw Our Lord with St. Francis on His right hand and a priest on His left. St. Paul of the Cross (1694-1775) and St. Alphonsus, who were altogether contemporaries, seem never to have met on earth, though the founder of the Passionists was a great friend of Alphonsus's uncle, Mgr. His infirmities were increasing, and he was occupied a good deal with his writings. Born: September 27, 1696. Alphonsus Liguori, CSsR (27 September 1696 - 1 August 1787), sometimes called Alphonsus Maria de Liguori or Saint Alphonsus Liguori, was an Italian Catholic bishop, spiritual writer, composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher, and theologian. He started again, recruited new members, and in 1743 became the prior of two new congregations, one for men and one for women. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Herbermann, Charles, ed. In bestowing the title of "Prince of Moral Theologians", the church also gave the "unprecedented honour she paid to the Saint in her Decree of 22 July 1831, which allows confessors to follow any of St. Alphonsus's own opinions without weighing the reasons on which they were based". It has a tendency at every moment to deflect, and if it does deflect from the right path, the greater the momentum the more terrible the final crash. The Decree of 1779, however, seemed a great step in advance. Alphonsus was preaching missions in the rural areas and writing. His devotion to the Blessed Sacrament and to Our Lady was extraordinary. The foundation faced immediate problems, and after just one year, Alphonsus found himself with only one lay brother, his other companions having left to form their own religious group. So indeed it proved. The difficulty about strong wills and strong passions is that they are hard to tame, but when they are tamed they are the raw material of sanctity. He was a lawyer, not only during his years at the Bar, but throughout his whole life--a lawyer, who to skilled advocacy and an enormous knowledge of practical detail added a wide and luminous hold of underlying principles. More than once he faced assassination unmoved. The Catholic Encyclopedia. All materials contained on this site, whether written, audible or visual are the exclusive property of Catholic Online and are protected under U.S. and International copyright laws, Copyright 2022 Catholic Online. He founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (the Redemptorists). Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. His own prayer was perhaps for the most part what some call "active", others "ordinary", contemplation. He was baptized two days later in the church of Our Lady of the Virgins, in Naples. In theology Liguori is known as the principal exponent of equiprobabilism, a system of principles designed to guide the conscience of one in doubt as to whether he or she is free from or bound by a given civil or religious law. We're not salespeople, but we depend on donations averaging $14.76 and fewer than 1% of readers give. He had a love for the lower animals, and wild creatures who fled from all else would come to him as to a friend. "What document is that?" His life contains a number of minor inaccuracies, however, and is seriously defective in its account of the founding of his Congregation and of the troubles which fell on it in 1780. A final attempt to gain the royal approval, which seemed as if at last it had been successful, led to the crowning sorrow of Alphonsus's life: the division and apparent ruin of his Congregation and the displeasure of the Holy See. It will be remembered that even as a young man his chief distress at his breakdown in court was the fear that his mistake might be ascribed to deceit. Could he have been what an Anglo-Saxon would consider a miracle of calm, he would have seemed to his companions absolutely inhuman. Saint Alphonsus Liguori; Revelation Delivered Through Frances Marie Klug
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