This suffix makes the direction an adjective, and when it describes a specific region, it should be capitalized. PepsiCo, based in Purchase, New York, owns Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and KFC, all of which have 29,000 locations, Money differs from other economic assets in that it is the most liquid asset available. Duck Vs. Loon: How Are These Words Connected? So the upshot of my answer is that you didn't miss the memo (or perhaps I should say The Memo) on this issue, but at the same time you didn't notice a larger phenomenon in accordance with which initial-capping Southern California is by no means a unique, inexplicable, or indefensible treatment of a regional name. Consistency is the most important thing, though, so you should be fine as long as the form chosen is clear and you use it each time. The word god is generally not capitalized if it is used to refer to the generic idea of a deity, nor is it capitalized when it refers to multiple gods. Is north capitalized there? is considered basic and should be known by people who claim to have a good command of the language. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. Our primary dictionaries, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, Websters New World College Dictionary, and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language all capitalize U.S. geographic regions when used as adjectives or indicate that these adjectives are typically capitalized.4, Like adjectives, the decision to capitalize or lowercase geographic populations in the United States will depend on your style guide. Is south and Southern capitalized? - TimesMojo It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. southern Atlanta; But capitalize compass points when part of a proper name. A region can be a city, town, village, country, continent, or any area that comes under the jurisdiction or administration of a state. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. Thank you. This is known as 'title case'. Some authorities also capitalize titles if they immediately follow the name without the word "the.". What is the rule for state abbreviations? When used to refer to direction and location, dont capitalize the names of directions like north, south, east, or west; however, when they appear in the names of places and regions, do capitalize these words. There's not enough context in your example to offer any solid advice (e.g., the "north" of where? Do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your. @SvenYargs This is a very useful answer; I'm processing it. As Sven Yargs' answer shows, there is a strong descriptivist argument involved. I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube. For example: I live in The North. Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Capitalize My Title makes title capitalization easy. When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). To capitalize or not quoted text after be form, How to handle a hobby that makes income in US. When the word "state" comes after a state's name, it should be capitalized. The name of a theatrical play, but this is also a conventional geographical region that would be capitalized anyway. One reason partisans capitalize "White" or "Black" is to denote its importance in messages, even subliminally, magnified by lowercasing the "other." As always, we believe that labels can oversimplify, and that a specific description is better. However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. For example, you would write "the Southern United States," but "the southern way of . On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Erin Wright, 20122023. At the most basic level, the standard advice is to lowercase north, south, east and west when used as compass directions and to capitalize them when they are used as part of a proper noun or adjective or refer to regions or geographic areas. Coordinate conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet & so (FANBOYS). They live in the western part of the country. The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? The capitalization of as depends upon its function. However, be consistent and do not write: "Visitors to southern California climbed while visitors to northern California fell." Should south be capitalized? The word 'southern' shouldn't be capitalized in a sentence unless it is a proper noun. You would capitalize "Southern" when referring to the people, or their culture, politics, or social activities, e.g., Southern hospitality, Southern cuisine, Southern accents. If it's a name, it's a proper noun. Should northern be capitalized - 650.org Besides the global continents, there are also atmospheric and hydrospheric regions that encompass the oceans, discrete climates, or environments above the water and landmasses of earth. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. You have entered an incorrect email address! The Content Authority is where you will find great content, written by amazing writers, around topics like grammar, writing, publishing, and marketing. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. (There is a lot of leniency on whether to capitalize "The." Few would argue that the region is called "The North" as . The rules are fairly standard for title case: Capitalize the first and the last word. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. But if someone prefers "African American," use that term rather than a more generic "black." For example, NY for New York, use the US Postal Services symbol system. In this particular sentence, I is capitalized because it is placed at the beginning of the sentence. Column: Should 'white' be capitalized? It feels wrong, but it's the way 8 What states in the US are consider southern states? Capitalize the Southern California region? You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as in the South. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep south lowercase. Have you ever wondered when its okay to capitalize north, east, south, and west? ), but I'd suggest not capitalizing it unless you're certain it is necessary. Is Southern California capitalized AP style? Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? Without capitalization, it could refer to anyone in the southern hemisphere, or perhaps southern England. Whether it's an "official" name or not and how well the thing is defined have no bearing whatsoever. However, capitalization may depend on the style guide you're using. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? We always use a capital letter when we write the days of the week. Is "southern" capitalized in this sentence? - Quora Back East. In "the eastern portion of Colorado", however, "eastern" is written in small letters since it doesn't denote people or specific culture or practice. I assume CMOS have done reasonable research before arguing against a rigid insistence on 'the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS]' and have thought carefully before arguing against ignoring authors' strong preferences. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. The water and land global areas are further divided into subregions bounded by huge geographical features influencing large-scale ecologies. rev2023.3.3.43278. There may be disagreement about where the border of Southern California begins, just as there was and is about the border of the Wild West, but the fact that the Los Angeles metropolitan area, Orange County, and San Diego are all located in Southern California is beyond debate. Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the southern food in Tennessee. Should Southern colonies be capitalized? The concept of a "region" is significant and used widely among the several geography branches, each of which could describe the areas or zones in region-based terms. Here Chemistry and Spanish are the proper nouns. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". During the Civil War, Northerners and Southerners battled in twenty-three states. Should I capitalize "the north" and "the south" in my work on the southern campaign of the Revolutionary war? On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Should aurora borealis be capitalized? Explained by Sharing Culture The Chicago Manual of Style. You should always capitalize Southerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. Strength Vs. Strong: Differences, How To Tell Them Apart? Use lower case for generic or plural references. Which sentence is capitalized correctly Carlotta? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. Hi, Michael. Each state has its own shortened name codes, which are used in written documents and mailing addresses. It also looks at when to capitalize those regions when they are used as adjectives and to describe U.S. geographic populations. I don't think there's an established norm for identifying regions of Albania in English (although you might get a different answer if you asked an Albanian, I suppose), but looking at Google Ngrams, "southeastern Albania" seems to be the most common option: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=southeast+Albania%2Csoutheastern+Albania%2Csouth-east+Albania%2Csouth-eastern+Albania&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Csoutheast%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csoutheastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20east%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20eastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0 Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? Capitalize common nouns such as party, river and street when they are part of a proper name. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Likewise, the rules for sentences apply: capitalize the common name at the . But because it has defined boundaries and administration, it's a "region". If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. When to Capitalize Directions - Writing Explained The word white is not usually capitalized in this situation; men would never be. For example, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends capitalization:2. Drive south for five miles. Should southern be capitalized? However, when the terms southerner and northerner refer to people on either side of the United States civil war, the civil war was fought between Southerners and Northerners. The argument I hear is this is a region of the building not a direction, so it should be capitalized. Less democratic. The United Kingdom, for instance, is a region that comprises four countries: Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, and Wales. South Pacific. When a database has been given a proper name, capitalize that name, but do not italicize it or place it inside quote marks. I studied Pisces, a constellation of the North sky, on a cloudless night. When Should You Capitalize Geographic Regions in the United States? You don't even want to know what he calls pancakes. They are written with capital letters. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Others may argue that the word simply denotes the direction of the region the individual lives and must not have the capital letter. Should compass directions (i.e., north, south, east, and west) ever be capitalized? For example, most people would capitalize South London because South London is a well-known part of a famous city. In domains such as ecology, physical geography, environmental geography, and zoogeography, regions are typically based on ecosystems, biomes, natural regions, drainage basins, soil types, mountain ranges, and other natural features. However, some people also suggest capitalizing the names of: The uniting theme here is the idea of naming a well-known or well-defined region. Some common examples of when you should capitalize north include: down North. North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. 1. So, option 2 is correct. Hi, Kelly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Are coca cola and pepsi owned by the same company? Currently, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary capitalizes Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner, while Websters New World College Dictionary and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language only capitalize Midwesterner and allow northerner, southerner, and westerner to be capitalized or lowercased.7. Of course, as with other nouns, they should be capitalized at the beginning of sentences and in titles. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. Hi, Victoria. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. The seasons arent proper nouns, so theyre not usually capitalized. Each state has its own unique shortened name codes used in written documents and mailing addresses. North Dakota; West Virginia; Also capitalize compass points when used in denoting widely known sections. The question as to whether something should be considered a name or not is one of style, and as such you should adhere to the discipline of your editor, publication, or organization, or in the absence of a house style, you should adopt a suitable. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. Federal or federal? The official USPS postal abbreviation is this format. Southern, according to a co-author, should not be capitalized because it is an adjective rather than a noun. The direction word makes it a proper noun. A title like this would appear as: A Guide to English: Perfecting Grammar in an Academic Paper. Binomial nomenclature is, of course, also used for animals, including the singularly curious one designated as Homo sapiens. Names of gods are capitalized, including Allah, Vishnu, and God. Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the Southern food in Tennessee. Knowing whether to capitalize directional adjectives can be challenging. But it would be unusual to do this for a less well-known location, such as south Coventry.. Have you ever visited the Western United States? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Proper nouns are names of particular individuals, places, or things, such as Josephina, Michigan, Oreo, and United Auto Workers. only if it's a proper name. It does not store any personal data. Just make sure you are consistent with the letter case. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? 2023 Caniry - All Rights Reserved You capitalize state only when it follows the name of the state, as in New York State is also called the Empire State, or when its part of a traditional name for a state, like Empire State or Lone Star State. When it precedes the name of the state, dont capitalize the word unless its part of a title of . Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. The plant common name has to conform to the rules of English, however, so if there's a proper noun in the common name, it must be capitalized. Lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, and other lowercase letters are used when indicating compass direction. The state abbreviations are always the same: two letter abbreviations with uppercase letters and no periods or spaces between them. - thanks! Hi, Chris. West is directly opposite east. Southern United States, for example, is appropriate because it is located in a specific region. Should 'southern' be capitalized in a sentence such as 'These - Quora When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. South-Eastern Albania? Thus, here are 10 capitalization rules you should know for a well written write-up: According to most style guides, nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are capitalized in titles of books, articles, and songs. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Capitalization | CSU - California State University The pronoun "I" Wotan is one of the gods in Wagner's Ring Cycle. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '499cbd76-cfa5-4fea-836f-ead06058d874', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); North, East, South or West - Capitalize or Not? If states is being referred to in a general manner, such as There are two senators for each state, then the word states would remain lower case. So, should you capitalize regions when writing? when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Most style guides say that compass points and the terms derived from them are lowercased if they just mean direction or location. the East, the North, the South, the West (of a country) northern, southern, eastern, western (parts of a country) I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. With states, lowercase in most uses: northern New York. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. Black and white: Why capitalization matters - Columbia Journalism Review That means you should lowercase articles, Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. So capitalize The Pacific Northwest and Central Texas, but not We drove west for two hours., The States that make up The South are usually considered to be: Virginia Tennessee Arkansas Louisiana North Carolina South Carolina Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida Texas. For example, "Global is a proper noun." . That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. In other words, when the word "region" is a part of a name or is being specific in its meaning, the word is capitalized. Though a direction is a general noun, it could at times be not that straightforward to ascertain whether it's a common noun or a proper noun. We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: My friend is a southerner. Generally, you do not need to capitalize the names of the seasons. English Capitalization Rules and Example Sentences - ThoughtCo Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. In other words, directions can be tricky! 4 Is Southern California capitalized AP style? Can you drive with a broken front differential? Do you capitalize Southern in southern United States? For example, the "river" is a general noun and not capitalized. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. Is Colorado in the west or the West? Time arrow with "current position" evolving with overlay number. And Wisconsin is known as the Badger State (not "the badger state") even though its official name is Wisconsin. The street is named Bolton Avenue. Should global south be capitalized? Words such as one, it, its, its, him, and own should all be capitalized no matter where they appear in a title. It was first put into effect for large businesses, but it was gradually adopted as a standardized format by everyone. After all, it was named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, and therefore the use of the capital is justified. The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. Do you capitalize the S in Southern California? - TipsFolder.com To find out when to capitalize North, South, East, and West, read our guide to capitalizing directions below. Youd also capitalize the first word and (according to most guides) the last word of a title, regardless of what part of speech they are. CMOS looks at what a large relevant tranche of people do; this ultimately defines what is acceptable. 9 Should north southeast and West be capitalized? Which sentence is capitalized correctly I learned that Thor? However, the Associated Press Stylebook does not recommend capitals in that case. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. That means that official names of departments and units should be capitalized and not when referring to just a type of department or unit. When it's an adjective ("bicentennial year"), I agree that no cap is needed . Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Rule 1. You wouldnt normally unless north and south are part of a proper noun (e.g., South Africa). For example, "western Massachusetts", "northern New Jersey". When to capitalize North East south west? when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. The Department decided on the current two-letter abbreviations in October 1963. Example: "War-weary ministers in London asked themselves why they fought a costly war in the [north] when they had friends in the Carolinas and Georgia.". Here are a few sentences with the word "region" in them: If part of a title or headline, the word "region" can be capitalized to conform to title capitalization rules. Direction-denoting terms such as north, south, east, west, etc. Capital Letters with North, East, South, and West - Grammar Monster Capitalization in APA, Chicago, MLA, and AP - ProofreadingPal The example you give is a generic direction used as an adjective (like the "east wing of the mansion" example in the post), so no capitalization is required. Is it Southern or Southern? Should southern be capitalized? Usage guide. Keep reading to learn everything there is to regions and their capitalization, rules for related terms and phrases, what a region is, etc. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. The mines are in the plateaus western region. Capitalize a persons title when it precedes the name. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. So, if a person is from South Africa, south would be capitalized since it's the proper name of the country. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go north on I-90," then you should keep north lowercase. With names of states The same rule applies as with names of nations. I have published a variety of other capitalization posts related to time periods, geographic features, people, and product names. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as " the Southern States ." However, if instead you reference a general location, such as "the southern winds," then the word southern should be lowercase. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. Rules for Capitalizing Academic Degrees in AP Style Should the word northwest be capitalized? Explained by Sharing Culture When to Capitalize North, South, East and West. The West Coast has beautiful scenery. It's not a continent, nor is it a country. Job seekers, Is Pepsi the owner of KFC? When Should You Capitalize Geographic Regions in the United States? The North, The East, The South, and The West. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Western States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the western winds then western should be lowercase.
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